X-ray
X-rays are radiation waves that can pass through your body and create images of your internal body organs, tissues and bone. X-rays are an effective way to create images of your bones, skull, and other organs. It is especially useful for looking at bone alignment and detail.

CAT Scan
CAT is an abbreviation for computerized axial tomography. A CAT scan is very similar to an x-ray in that the CAT scan uses x-rays to develop 3-D images of your body. It typically shows much better bone detail. It is a much more comprehensive test than standard x-ray because it captures images of your body in slices from many different angles.

MRI
MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging, and it is a very effective way for the Doctor to see inside your body. The MRI scanner is a large donut-shaped piece of equipment that uses a magnet to create clear images of your body. It does this by creating a magnetic field, sending radio waves through your body, and then measuring the response with a computer. The images created by an MRI scanner are generally superior to other imaging methods. MRI gives a much more detailed view of the soft tissues inside your body.

EMG
EMG stands for electromyography, and this test is performed to measure the electrical activity of muscles. This is important for determining whether you are having a problem related to specific nerves, the brain, the spinal cord or a particular muscle.

NCS
Also known as a Nerve conduction study is a test commonly used to evaluate the function, especially the ability of electrical conduction of the motor and sensory nerves. We use this study mainly for evaluation of paresthesias (numbness, tingling, burning) and/or weakness of the arms and legs. Some of the common disorders which can be diagnosed by nerve conduction studies are Perpheral neuropathy, Carpal tunnel syndrome, and Ulnar neuropathy.

EEG
EEG is the abbreviation for electroencephalogram. An EEG test is designed to record brain waves. Brain waves are the electrical activities and signals that the brain creates. Your doctor may order an EEG test to help in diagnosing seizures or cerebral lesions and tumors.

MYELOGRAM
A myelogram is a type of x-ray test. The difference between a myelogram test and a standard x-ray is that, with a myelogram, a dye is injected into the spinal canal to help highlight the spinal cord and nerve roots. The dye shows details of the spinal cord and nerve roots and helps identify abnormalities. This test shows a high level of detail and is helpful in determining the causes of pressure on nerve roots such as a herniated disk, an injury or a tumor. For patients who have metal plates or screws in their spine, a myelogram may be preferable to a standard MRI or CAT scan.

DISKOGRAM
This test helps identify which disks in the spinal column that cause pain. A needle is placed into the spaces between the disks under x-ray guidance, after which dye is injected. A CT scan is then performed.

ANGIOGRAPHY (ANGIOGRAM)
An angiogram is used to evaluate arteries and veins in the head, neck, and brain. The test involves a doctor inserting a catheter into a major artery in the groin. Once the dye is injected into the artery, x-rays are taken. The test is often used to determine the degree of narrowing of an artery and to detect the location and size of aneurysms and vascular malformations.

EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION
An epidural steroid injection is performed by positioning a needle between the bones in the middle of the spine and injecting cortisone mixed with a dilute local anesthetic. By injecting into the epidural space, medication can be delivered very close to nerves that are irritated by problems such as ruptured or degenerated disks, bone spurs, narrowing of the spine or nerve openings, and other conditions. The procedure is further identified by the level of the spine at which it is performed such as lumbar (in the lower back) and cervical (in the neck). Today, most epidural injections are fluoroscopically guided, which means the physician is watching the injection using live x-ray, not doing the procedure blind by just feeling the needle.

MICRODISCECTOMY

Microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive procedure performed on patients with a herniated lumbar disc. During this surgery, a surgeon will remove of the inflamation disc to relieve pressure on the spinal nerve column.

PATIENT INFORMATION